journey

Marco Polo's Travels

Venice to Xanadu and back, 1271–1295

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Twenty-four years on the road: overland through Persia and the Pamir to Kublai Khan's court, seventeen years in his service, and home by sea around Asia — the journey behind Il Milione.

44events
19routes
1 January 1271 – 31 December 1299span
Explorationcategory
OverlandBy sea

What is on the map

  • 44 Journey

Chronology

  1. The Polos sail from Venicedeparture
  2. Acre, where the legate Tedaldo receives themcity
  3. Jerusalem: oil from the lamp of the Holy Sepulchrecity
  4. Tedaldo Visconti is elected Pope Gregory Xencounter
  5. Landfall at Ayas in Lesser Armeniaport
  6. Erzurum, in Greater Armeniacity
  7. Mount Ararat, where the Ark is said to restcity
  8. Tabriz, the great market of Persiacity
  9. Saveh and the tombs of the three Magicity
  10. Yazd, and the silk they call yasdicity
  11. Kerman: turquoise, steel and falconscity
  12. Hormuz — the ships are judged unfit for the seaport
  13. Back inland, across the desert of Lutcrossing
  14. Balkh, a noble city laid waste by the Mongolscity
  15. Badakhshan: a year halted by illnesshalt
  16. Up the Wakhan corridorcrossing
  17. The Pamir: twelve days where fire burns palecrossing
  18. Kashgar, where the roads meetcity
  19. Yarkandcity
  20. Khotan, and its rivers of jadecity
  21. Lop: thirty days of desert aheadcrossing
  22. Shazhou, at the desert's far edgecity
  23. Ganzhou, called Campichucity
  24. Shangdu: audience with Kublai Khanaudience
  25. Khanbaliq, the Khan's winter capitalcity
  26. Mission to Yunnan, the province of Carajanmission
  27. The kingdom of Mien: Pagan and its gilded towersmission
  28. Yangzhou, where Marco claims three years of officemission
  29. Quinsai — 'beyond dispute the finest city in the world'city
  30. Zaitun, the greatest port in the worldport
  31. Leave at last: escorting the princess Kököchin to Persiadeparture
  32. Champaport
  33. Five months in Sumatra, waiting for the monsoonhalt
  34. The Nicobar and Andaman islandsport
  35. Seilan, and the king's rubycity
  36. The Malabar coast and the pearl fisheriescity
  37. Hormuz again — of six hundred, eighteen survivearrival
  38. Arghun is dead: Kököchin weds his son Ghazanencounter
  39. Robbed of much of their wealth at Trebizondcity
  40. Constantinoplecity
  41. Venice, after twenty-four yearsarrival
  42. Taken prisoner by the Genoeseencounter
  43. Il Milione, dictated in prison to Rustichello da Pisabook
  44. Released, he goes home to Venicearrival

Routes and campaigns

  • Venice to Acre
  • Acre to Jerusalem
  • Acre to Ayas
  • Through Armenia to Tabriz
  • Down Persia to the Gulf
  • Turned back: north to Balkh
  • Balkh to Badakhshan
  • Over the Pamir to Kashgar
  • The southern rim of the Taklamakan
  • Across the Gobi to Shangdu
  • Shangdu to Khanbaliq
  • Mission south-west to Yunnan
  • Into the kingdom of Mien
  • Back to the Khan
  • Down the Grand Canal to the southern ports
  • Fourteen ships for Persia
  • Across the Indian Ocean
  • Overland to the Black Sea
  • Home through the Aegean

Background reading: the parent article.

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